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Because of its many uses, ammonia is one of the most highly produced inorganic chemicals. There are numerous large-scale ammonia production plants worldwide, producing a total of 131 million tonnes of nitrogen (equivalent to 159 million tonnes of ammonia) in 2010.〔(United States Geological Survey publication )〕 China produced 32.1% of the worldwide production, followed by India with 8.9%, Russia with 7.9%, and the United States with 6.3%. 80% or more of the ammonia produced is used for fertilizing agricultural crops. Ammonia is also used for the production of plastics, fibers, explosives, nitric acid (via the Ostwald process) and intermediates for dyes and pharmaceuticals. ==History== Before the start of World War I, most ammonia was obtained by the dry distillation of nitrogenous vegetable and animal products; by the reduction of nitrous acid and nitrites with hydrogen; and also by the decomposition of ammonium salts by alkaline hydroxides or by quicklime, the salt most generally used being the chloride (sal-ammoniac). Today, most ammonia is produced on a large scale by the Haber process with capacities of up to 3,300 metric tons per day. 1) Ammonia is manufactured on a large scale by Haber's process. 2) In this process,N2 and H2 gases are allowed to react at high pressure of 200 bar (a). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ammonia production」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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